TechTalks from event: Technical session talks from ICRA 2012

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Minimally Invasive Interventions II

  • Configuration Comparison for Surgical Robotic Systems Using a Single Access Port and Continuum Mechanisms Authors: Zheng, Xidian; Xu, Kai
    Research on robot-assisted laparoscopic SPA (Single Port Access) surgery and N.O.T.E.S (Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery) have thrived in the past a few years. A configuration similarity between these surgical robotic slaves is that two robotic arms are extended from the same access port (either a laparoscope or an endoscope) for surgical interventions. However, upon designing such a surgical robotic slave, the structure of the extended robotic arms has not been explored thoroughly based on evaluation of their distal dexterity. This paper presents a simulation-based comparison among three different structures which could be used to form these extended robotic arms. Results presented in this paper could serve as a design reference for surgical robotic slaves which use a single access port and continuum mechanisms.
  • Control of Untethered Magnetically Actuated Tools Using a Rotating Permanent Magnet in Any Position Authors: Mahoney, Arthur; Cowan, Daniel Lewis; Miller, Katie; Abbott, Jake
    It has been shown that when a magnetic dipole, such as a permanent magnet, is rotated around a fixed axis such that the dipole is perpendicular to the axis of rotation, the magnetic field vector at every point in space also rotates around a fixed axis. In this paper, we reformulate this phenomenon using linear algebraic techniques, which enables us to find the necessary dipole rotation axis to make the magnetic field at any desired point in space rotate about any desired axis. To date, untethered magnetically actuated tools (e.g., capsule endoscopes, rolling spheres, and helical-propeller microswimmers) controlled with a single rotating permanent magnet have been constrained to operate in positions where the rotating field behavior is simple and easy to visualize. We experimentally demonstrate that the results of this paper can be used to control a variety of untethered, rotating magnetic devices in any position even while the rotating permanent magnet follows trajectories independent of the devices themselves. This method constitutes a substantial step toward making a great deal of prior laboratory research regarding rotating magnetic microrobots and capsule endoscopes clinically feasible.
  • Integration and Preliminary Evaluation of an Insertable Robotic Effectors Platform for Single Port Access Surgery Authors: Bajo, Andrea; Goldman, Roger E.; Wang, Long; Fowler, Dennis; Simaan, Nabil
    In this paper, we present the integration and preliminary evaluation of a novel Insertable Robotic Effectors Platform (IREP) for Single Port Access Surgery (SPAS). The unique design of the IREP includes planar parallel mechanisms, continuum snake-like arms, wire-actuated wrists, and passive flexible components. While this design has advantages, it presents challenges in terms of modeling, control, and telemanipulation. The complete master-slave resolved-rates telemanipulation framework of the IREP along with its actuation compensation is presented. Experimental evaluation of the capabilities of this new surgical system include bi-manual exchange of rings, pick-and-place tasks, suture passing and knot tying. Results show that the IREP meets the minimal workspace and dexterity requirements specified for laparoscopic surgery, it allows for dual-arm operations such as tool exchange and knot tying in confined spaces. Although it was possible to tie a surgeon's knot with minimal training, suture passing was difficult due to the limited axial rotation of the distal wrists.
  • Constrained Filtering with Contact Detection Data for the Localization and Registration of Continuum Robots in Flexible Environments Authors: Tully, Stephen; Bajo, Andrea; Kantor, George; Choset, Howie; Simaan, Nabil
    This paper presents a novel filtering technique that uses contact detection data and environmental stiffness estimates to register and localize a robot with respect to an a priori 3D surface model. The algorithm leverages geometric constraints within a Kalman filter framework and relies on two distinct update procedures: 1) an equality constrained step for when the robot is forcefully contacting the environment, and 2) an inequality constrained step for when the robot lies in the freespace of the environment. This filtering procedure registers the robot by incrementally eliminating probabilistically infeasible state space regions until a high likelihood solution emerges. In addition to registration and localization, the algorithm can estimate the deformation of the surface model and can detect false positives with respect to contact estimation. This method is experimentally evaluated with an experiment involving a continuum robot interacting with a bench-top flexible structure. The presented algorithm produces an experimental error in registration (with respect to the end-effector position) of 1.1 mm, which is less than 0.8 percent of the robot length.
  • Real-Time Control Architecture of a Novel Single-Port Laparoscopy Bimanual Robot (SPRINT) Authors: Niccolini, Marta; Petroni, Gianluigi; Menciassi, Arianna; Dario, Paolo
    This paper presents a novel master-slave teleoperated robotic platform designed for Single Port Laparoscopy. The SPRINT (Single-Port lapaRoscopy bimaNual roboT) is composed of two high-dexterity 6 Degrees of Freedom (DOFs) robotic arms, a stereoscopic camera and a dedicated console for the robot control by the surgeon. Along with a short summary of the hardware features of the system, this paper describes the real-time control architecture of the SPRINT. Particular attention was given to the kinematic coupling between the master and the slave manipulators, as well as to the inverse kinematics algorithm. Tests performed to validate the performance of the robot in terms of accuracy are satisfactory, thus positioning the SPRINT as a candidate for the next generation of robots for Single Port Laparoscopy.
  • Remote Centre-Of-Motion Control Algorithms of 6-RRCRR Parallel Robot Assisted Surgery System (PRAMiSS) Authors: Moradi Dalvand, Mohsen; Shirinzadeh, Bijan
    In this paper a 6-RRCRR parallel robot assisted minimally invasive surgery/microsurgery system (PRAMiSS) is introduced. Remote centre-of-motion (RCM) control algorithms of PRAMiSS suitable for minimally invasive surgery and microsurgery are also presented. The programmable RCM approach is implemented in order to achieve manipulation under the constraint of moving through the fixed penetration point. Having minimised the displacements of the mobile platform of the parallel micropositioning robot, the algorithms also apply orientation constraint to the instrument and prevent the tool tip to orient due to the robot movements during the manipulation. Experimental results are provided to verify accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed RCM control algorithms for minimally invasive surgery.